Deep Understanding of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)
Diagnosis of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
The Importance of Patient History
Taking a thorough patient history is crucial in diagnosing what type of vertigo the patient is experiencing, what triggers it, and whether there are any other symptoms. Below are key points to communicate during a medical consultation:
- Type of vertigo: whether it is spinning or floating
- Frequency of vertigo: whether it is a first-time occurrence or recurrent
- Triggers of vertigo: such as “reaching for something on a high shelf”
- Other symptoms: In Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo, symptoms such as tinnitus or hearing loss do not occur, so their presence might suggest other medical issues.
- Current illnesses and medications: For example, if taking hypertension medication causes an excessive drop in blood pressure
Specialized Testing Methods
The primary tests to diagnose BPPV are the “Positional Nystagmus Test” and the “Positional Vertigo Test,” where Frenzel glasses are used to observe the eye movements. The aim is to identify the position that causes abnormalities.
Treatment Methods for Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Otolith Repositioning Maneuver (Positional Treatment)
The main treatment for BPPV is the otolith repositioning maneuver, which involves moving the patient’s head and body to reposition the otoliths in the semicircular canals back to their proper position. This treatment should be conducted by a doctor and is not recommended to be done by the patient themselves.
Medication Therapy
As an adjunct treatment to alleviate symptoms of vertigo, medications such as anti-nausea, anti-anxiety, and anti-vertigo drugs may be used.
Exercise Therapy
Exercise therapy, performed by the patient, involves simple exercises in bed to reduce symptoms of vertigo.
Preventive Measures for Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
As part of daily life, the following practices are recommended to help prevent BPPV:
- Avoid sleeping in the same position all the time
- Perform regular “turning over exercises” in bed
- Sleep with the head elevated
Following these preventive measures can help reduce the risk of developing Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo.
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo is a condition characterized by vertigo caused by the movement of otoliths within the semicircular canals of the inner ear. This vertigo is typically short-lived, and symptoms can be alleviated with proper treatment and preventive measures.
