The Mechanism and Causes of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a well-known issue affecting many women, but its specific causes are not yet fully understood. This section provides a detailed explanation of the biological mechanisms and factors behind PMS.
PMS and Female Hormones
While the direct cause of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) has not been conclusively identified, there is noted association with progesterone, a hormone that promotes the thickening of the uterine lining and prepares the body for pregnancy.
After ovulation, an increase in progesterone during the luteal phase can trigger various biological responses, such as increased appetite, a rise in basal body temperature, and retention of body fluids. If pregnancy does not occur, the secretion of this hormone rapidly decreases, leading to the onset of menstruation. These fluctuations in progesterone levels are believed to be the cause of PMS symptoms, such as bloating and headaches.
Factors that Trigger PMS
- Relationship with Neurotransmitters: Progesterone impacts neurotransmitters that maintain emotional balance, such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Fluctuations in these neurotransmitters can lead to PMS’s mental symptoms, like irritability and depression.
- Stress: Prolonged stress and significant changes in the living environment are known to exacerbate PMS symptoms.
- Personality Traits: Individuals who are meticulous or have high self-expectations may experience more pronounced PMS symptoms.
- Diet: Nutritional imbalances and excessive intake of caffeine or alcohol can worsen PMS symptoms.
- Physical Condition: Fatigue and disturbances in the autonomic nervous system can also be triggers for PMS symptoms.
Treatment of Premenstrual Syndrome
When PMS symptoms impact daily life, treatment may become necessary. Here are the main treatment methods for PMS:
- Counseling: Gaining a deeper understanding of PMS can help in managing symptoms and improving lifestyle habits.
- Lifestyle Improvements: Enhancing sleep quality, appropriate exercise, and revising one’s diet can alleviate PMS symptoms.
- Medication: Depending on the symptoms, antidepressants or contraceptive pills may be prescribed.
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) can significantly reduce the quality of life for many women. Having accurate knowledge about its causes and treatments can help in leading a healthier daily life.
