Overview of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
PTSD is a mental disorder that occurs after experiencing extremely stressful events (e.g., war, crime, abuse, traffic accidents, natural disasters) and is characterized by strong feelings of fear, helplessness, and horror. The term “PTSD” became widely known after the change in diagnostic criteria by the American Psychiatric Association in 1980, and in Japan, it became recognized through events such as the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake and the Tokyo subway sarin attack. Importantly, PTSD can affect not only direct victims of the event but also witnesses.
Causes and Risk Factors
Major causes of PTSD include events that impact human life or dignity, such as war, violence, sexual victimization, witnessing traffic accidents, and natural disasters. Additionally, individual constitution and temperament, as well as social background, are factors that influence the progression and severity of the condition. Long-term traumatic experiences, such as domestic abuse, can lead to a more severe state known as Complex PTSD.
Characteristics of Symptoms
The main symptoms of PTSD include sudden, intense recollections of the traumatic event, accompanied by feelings of fear and helplessness. This phenomenon, known as “flashback,” is triggered by related stimuli, making the person feel as though they are re-experiencing the event. Other symptoms include avoiding related objects or places, nightmares, decreased concentration, and difficulties in emotional control.Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment
PTSD is diagnosed when the above symptoms persist for more than a month following a traumatic event, significantly affecting daily life and social activities. Treatment methods primarily include pharmacotherapy aimed at reducing anxiety and depressive symptoms and psychotherapy that addresses the trauma causing PTSD.
Prevention and Daily Life Considerations
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is crucial after experiencing severe stress. Engaging in moderate exercise, ensuring sufficient sleep, and maintaining a balanced diet can support the recovery of both body and mind.
PTSD is a mental disorder that occurs after experiencing extreme stress and is characterized by intense feelings of fear, horror, and helplessness. Revising lifestyle habits after a traumatic experience and seeking support from professionals can help alleviate symptoms and aid in recovery.
